Recombinant DNA:
studying and manipulating genomes:
The structure of DNA in 1953 sparked intense interest in creating technologies to manipulate that structure. Fifty years later, the entire human genome had been sequenced. DNA can be cut by restriction enzymes and the fragments combined to form recombinant DNA. Copies of DNA can be made inside living cells or by using PCR, the polymerase chain reaction.
cloning a gene in bacteria:
to recombine genes we can use techniques of DNA technology. A restriction enzyme is used to cut open a plasmid, a small circular DNA molecule obtained from a bacterium. The restriction enzyme cuts only at a restriction site. That same enzyme will be used to cut up DNA obtained from a human cell. DNA fragments have matching sticky ends that join by the base pair rule. The restriction enzymes produce the DNA fragments. DNA ligase forges covalent bonds that join human and plasmid DNA, creating recombinant DNA. The plasmid carries a gene fro resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin.
recombinant DNA technology:
Recombinant DNA flow chart:
RECOMBINANT DNA SIMULATION LAB FLOW CHART
1) find gene on human chromosome
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Obtain plasmid w/ replication site
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2) find restriction enzyme that will cut out human gene and cut open plasmid forming the same sticky ends
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Cut DNA above and below human gene and make only 2 cuts, cut plasmid in 1 place and do not cut replication site.
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3) put Human gene into plasmid lining up.
Insert sticky ends